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Transformer

Introduction

相关链接:http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/annotated-transformer/

论文下载:Attention Is All You Need     镜像     arXiv

Attention Is All You Need

Ideas

Softmax

Introduction

考虑图像分类问题:现在有一系列 \(2\times 2\) 的灰度图像,于是每个图像具有特征 \(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4\) .我们希望对图像进行分类,分类到三个类别之一.通过 one-hot encoding, 我们希望通过 \(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4\) 来确定这个图像是 \((1,0,0)^{\text{T}}, (0,1,0)^{\text{T}},(0,0,1)^{\text{T}}\) 中的哪一个.

经典的方法是,

\[\begin{bmatrix} o_{1}\\ o_{2}\\ o_{3} \end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} w_{11} & \cdots & w_{14} \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ w_{31} & \cdots & w_{34} \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x_{1}\\ x_{2}\\ x_{3}\\ x_{4} \end{bmatrix}+\begin{bmatrix} b_{1}\\ b_{2}\\ b_{3} \end{bmatrix}\ ,\ \text{i.e.}\ \mathbf{o}=\mathbf{w}\mathbf{x}+\mathbf{b}\]

其中,系数矩阵可以通过学习得到,这样我们就获得了未规范化的预测.

但我们希望获得的实际上是这个图像(或者说这四个特征)在这三个 one-hot vector 上的概率分布.当然,我们的任务可能只需要指出最有可能的类别,但是我们仍然希望得到每个类别的概率.从而我们引入 softmax 运算.

\[\hat{\mathbf{y}}=\mathrm{softmax}(\mathbf{o})\ , \text{where}\ \hat{y_j}=\dfrac{\exp(o_j)}{\sum\limits_{k=1}^q \exp(o_k)}\]

经过 softmax 运算,我们将未规范化的预测变换为一系列和为 \(1\) 的非负数,从而得到合法的概率分布,并且保持可导性.同时不难发现,softmax 运算没有改变 \(o_j\) 的相对顺序.

Likelihood function

先来回顾似然性的概念:似然性代表某个参数为特定值的可能性.举例来说,对于一枚不知道是否“公平”的硬币,我们试图知道它正面向上的概率 \(p\) 是多少.于是我们通过试验,希望找到这个 \(p\) .

我们考虑事件 \(A\) :三次投掷两次为正面.在已经观察到事件 \(A\) 的情况下,关于 \(A\) 的似然估计是

\[L(p\mid A)=P(A\mid p)=3p^2(1-p)\]

例如,\(p=0.5\) 的似然性是 \(L(p=0.5\mid A)=P(A\mid p=0.5)=0.375\),而 \(p=0.6\) 的似然性是 \(0.432\) ,说明在试验得到 \(A\) 的前提下,\(p=0.6\) 的可能性比 \(p=0.5\) 大.这提示我们,使得 \(L(p\mid A)\) 最大的 \(p\) 最有可能就是我们想要找的参数,即最大似然估计.

现在考虑 softmax 中的情况.

首先我们考虑,如何衡量我们预测的准确程度.例如,正确的 \(\textbf{y} = (0,1,0)^{\text{T}}\) ,我们经过 softmax 运算之后的结果是 \(\hat{\textbf{y}}=(0.1,0.85,0.05)\) , 一个思路是用

\[y_1^0\times y_2^1\times y_3^0 = 0.1^0\times 0.85^1 \times 0.05^0=0.85\]

作为度量.通过这种幂相乘的形式,我们实际上就是在考虑 \(\hat{\textbf{y}}\) 中与 one-hot vector 相对应的那一位.当然,为了运算方便,我们取其负对数作为损失函数,这样最小化损失函数就相当于是在最大化预测准确度.

从而我们可以定义:对于标签 \(\textbf{y}\) 和预测 \(\hat{\textbf{y}}\) (经过 softmax),我们的损失函数为

\[l(\textbf{y}, \hat{\textbf{y}})=-\sum_{j=1}^q y_j \log \hat{y_j}\ge 0\]

这就是交叉熵损失, cross-entropy loss.

从而对于一组数据集 \(\{\textbf{X}, \textbf{Y}\}\) 来说,我们就是要最小化负对数似然:

\[-\log P(\mathbf{Y} \mid \mathbf{X}) = \sum_{i=1}^n -\log P(\mathbf{y}^{(i)} \mid \mathbf{x}^{(i)}) = \sum_{i=1}^n l(\mathbf{y}^{(i)}, \hat{\mathbf{y}}^{(i)})\]

Derivative

现在我们有了损失函数,我们关心它的导数.实际上,

\[\begin{aligned} l(\mathbf{y}, \hat{\mathbf{y}}) &= - \sum_{j=1}^q y_j \log \frac{\exp(o_j)}{\sum\limits_{k=1}^q \exp(o_k)} \\ &= \sum_{j=1}^q y_j \log \sum_{k=1}^q \exp(o_k) - \sum_{j=1}^q y_j o_j\\ &= \log \sum_{k=1}^q \exp(o_k) - \sum_{j=1}^q y_j o_j. \end{aligned}\]

于是

\[\dfrac{\partial l(\mathbf{y}, \hat{\mathbf{y}})}{\partial o_j}=\dfrac{\exp(o_j)}{\sum\limits_{k=1}^q \exp(o_k)}-y_j=\hat{y_j}-y_j\]

即:通过 softmax 得到的概率与实际 one-hot vector 中的数值的差值.

注意力汇聚

考虑以下的回归问题:通过

\[y_i=2\sin x_i + x_i^{0.8} + \epsilon\]

生成一个数据集,其中噪声 \(\epsilon\sim N(0, 0.5^2)\) . 我们现在提供一个点 \(x\) ,希望预测对应的输出.朴素的想法是平均汇聚,即用

\[f(x)=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n y_i\]

作为预测值.但这实际上忽略了 \(x_i\) 的作用.于是我们引入 Nadaraya-Watson 核回归:

\[f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^n \dfrac{K(x-x_i)}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^n K(x-x_j)}y_i=\sum_{i=1}^n \alpha(x, x_i)y_i\]

其中 \(x\) 是查询,\(\alpha(x,x_i)\) 可以理解为注意力权重.权重通过核 \(K\) 来分配,实际上是有关相对位置的一个函数.例如,我们希望对于一次查询,注意力汇聚在该查询附近的位置上,并且离查询位置越远,注意力就越低.一个可能的核是高斯核,即

\[K(u)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp (-\dfrac{u^2}{2})\]

使用高斯核的估计器是

\[f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^n \text{softmax}\Big(-\dfrac{1}{2}(x-x_i)^2\Big) y_i\]

当然,这时的 \(f(x)\) 是固定的,没有学习的空间.我们引入可学习参数 \(w\) ,即

\[f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^n \text{softmax}\Big(-\dfrac{1}{2}(w(x-x_i))^2\Big) y_i\]

注意力评分函数

注意力汇聚的机制提示我们,我们可以学习注意力评分函数.通过 softmax 处理后,注意力评分函数转化为注意力权重,从而实现我们想要的汇聚效果.

具体来说,考虑一个查询 \(\textbf{q}\in \mathbb{R}^q\)\(m\) 个键值对 \((\textbf k_1, \textbf{v}_1),\cdots,(\textbf k_m, \textbf{v}_m)\) ,其中 \(\textbf{k}_i \in \mathbb{R}^k\ ,\ \textbf{v}_i \in \mathbb{R}^v\) ,之前我们已经得到

\[f(\mathbf{q}) = \sum_{i=1}^m \alpha(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k}_i) \mathbf{v}_i \in \mathbb{R}^v\]

如果注意力评分函数为 \(a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k})\) ,则注意力权重为

\[\alpha(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k}_i) = \mathrm{softmax}(a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k}_i)) = \frac{\exp(a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k}_i))}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^m \exp(a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k}_j))} \in \mathbb{R}\]

现在要解决的问题就是:设计一个注意力评分函数 \(a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k})\) ,用来衡量 \(\mathbf{q}\in \mathbb{R}^q\)\(\mathbf{k}\in \mathbb{R}^k\) 之间的“关联程度”,或者说希望分配的注意力的大小.特别地,对于词向量,我们通过填充没有意义的特殊词元,将 \(\mathbf{q}\)\(\mathbf{k}\) 的长度进行了统一,假设为 \(d\) .则我们可以引入缩放点积注意力:假设查询和键的所有元素都是独立的随机变量,并且都满足零均值和单位方差,则两个向量的点积的均值为 \(0\) ,方差为 \(d\) .于是

\[a(\mathbf{q}, \mathbf{k})=\dfrac{\mathbf{q}\mathbf{k}^{\text{T}}}{\sqrt{d}}\]

对于查询 \(\textbf{Q}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times d}\) ,键 \(\textbf{K}\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times d}\) ,值 \(\textbf{V}\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times v}\) ,缩放点积注意力为

\[\mathrm{softmax}\left(\frac{\mathbf Q \mathbf K^{\text{T}} }{\sqrt{d}}\right) \mathbf V \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times v}.\]

多头注意力

并行使用多组注意力汇聚,其中每个注意力汇聚具有一组可以学习的线性投影,再将 \(h\) 个注意力汇聚的结果通过一个可以学习的线性投影进行变换得到最终输出.其中,每一个注意力汇聚都被称为一个头.具体来说,首先我们有注意力汇聚 \(f\) ,例如对于缩放点积注意力,

\[f=\mathrm{softmax}\left(\frac{\mathbf Q \mathbf K^{\text{T}} }{\sqrt{d}}\right) \mathbf V\]

然后我们有查询 \(\textbf{q}\in \mathbb{R}^{d_q}\) ,键 \(\textbf{k}\in \mathbb{R}^{d_k}\) ,值 \(\textbf{v}\in \mathbb{R}^{d_v}\) .与此同时,对于 \(i=1,2,\cdots,h\) ,我们有三个可以学习的矩阵,分别是 \(\textbf{W}_i^{(q)}\in\mathbb{R}^{p_q\times d_q}\) , \(\textbf{W}_i^{(k)}\in\mathbb{R}^{p_k\times d_k}\) , \(\textbf{W}_i^{(v)}\in\mathbb{R}^{p_v\times d_v}\) ,从而注意力头

\[\mathbf{h}_i = f(\mathbf W_i^{(q)}\mathbf q, \mathbf W_i^{(k)}\mathbf k,\mathbf W_i^{(v)}\mathbf v) \in \mathbb R^{p_v}\]

然后考虑可学习的变换 \(\textbf{W}_o\in \mathbb{R}^{p_o \times hp_v}\) 将多头注意力进行整合,即

\[\mathbf W_o \begin{bmatrix}\mathbf h_1\\\vdots\\\mathbf h_h\end{bmatrix} \in \mathbb{R}^{p_o}.\]

位置编码

自注意力因为并行计算放弃了顺序操作.为了引入位置的影响,我们通过在输入中加入位置编码来注入位置信息.

假设输入为 \(\textbf{X}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times d}\) 表示 \(n\) 个词的 \(d\) 维嵌入表示,我们引入相同形状的矩阵 \(\textbf{P}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times d}\) 来进行位置编码,其中,

\[p_{k,2j}=\sin\Big(\dfrac{k}{10000^{2j/d}}\Big)\ ,\ p_{k,2j+1}=\cos\Big(\dfrac{k}{10000^{2j/d}}\Big)\]

我们将 \(\textbf{X}+\textbf{P}\) 作为新的输入,即完成位置编码.

\[\varepsilon_j = \exp{\dfrac{1}{10000^{2j/d}}\mathrm{i}}\]

由 Euler 公式,

\[\varepsilon_j^k=\mathrm{i}\sin\Big(\dfrac{k}{10000^{2j/d}}\Big)+\cos\Big(\dfrac{k}{10000^{2j/d}}\Big)\]

即生成第 \(k\) 个词的 \(2j\ ,\ 2j+1\) 处位置编码.再考虑相对位置 \(\delta\) ,有

\[\varepsilon_j^{k+\delta}=\varepsilon_j^k \times \varepsilon_j^\delta\]

于是我们有了一种不依赖 \(k\) 的相对位置表示方式,可以理解为单位圆上的一种旋转.

从矩阵变换的角度,设 \(\omega_j = \dfrac{1}{10000^{2j/d}}\) ,即

\[ \begin{bmatrix} \cos(\delta \omega_j) & \sin(\delta \omega_j) \\ -\sin(\delta \omega_j) & \cos(\delta \omega_j) \\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} p_{k, 2j} \\ p_{k, 2j+1} \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} p_{k+\delta, 2j} \\ p_{k+\delta, 2j+1} \\ \end{bmatrix}, \]

自注意力机制

Code

下面的代码来自 huggingface/transformers/bart

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# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2021 The Fairseq Authors and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" PyTorch BART model."""
import copy
import math
import warnings
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.checkpoint
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss

from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import (
    _prepare_4d_attention_mask,
    _prepare_4d_attention_mask_for_sdpa,
    _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask,
    _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_for_sdpa,
)
from ...modeling_outputs import (
    BaseModelOutput,
    BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
    CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
    Seq2SeqLMOutput,
    Seq2SeqModelOutput,
    Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
    Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput,
)
from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from ...utils import (
    add_code_sample_docstrings,
    add_end_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
    is_flash_attn_2_available,
    is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10,
    logging,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from .configuration_bart import BartConfig


if is_flash_attn_2_available():
    from flash_attn import flash_attn_func, flash_attn_varlen_func
    from flash_attn.bert_padding import index_first_axis, pad_input, unpad_input  # noqa


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC = "facebook/bart-base"
_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "BartConfig"

# Base model docstring
_EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SHAPE = [1, 8, 768]

# SequenceClassification docstring
_CHECKPOINT_FOR_SEQUENCE_CLASSIFICATION = "valhalla/bart-large-sst2"
_SEQ_CLASS_EXPECTED_LOSS = 0.0
_SEQ_CLASS_EXPECTED_OUTPUT = "'POSITIVE'"

# QuestionAsnwering docstring
_CHECKPOINT_FOR_QA = "valhalla/bart-large-finetuned-squadv1"
_QA_EXPECTED_LOSS = 0.59
_QA_EXPECTED_OUTPUT = "' nice puppet'"


BART_PRETRAINED_MODEL_ARCHIVE_LIST = [
    "facebook/bart-large",
    # see all BART models at https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bart
]


# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama._get_unpad_data
def _get_unpad_data(attention_mask):
    seqlens_in_batch = attention_mask.sum(dim=-1, dtype=torch.int32)
    indices = torch.nonzero(attention_mask.flatten(), as_tuple=False).flatten()
    max_seqlen_in_batch = seqlens_in_batch.max().item()
    cu_seqlens = F.pad(torch.cumsum(seqlens_in_batch, dim=0, dtype=torch.torch.int32), (1, 0))
    return (
        indices,
        cu_seqlens,
        max_seqlen_in_batch,
    )


def shift_tokens_right(input_ids: torch.Tensor, pad_token_id: int, decoder_start_token_id: int):
    """
    Shift input ids one token to the right.
    """
    shifted_input_ids = input_ids.new_zeros(input_ids.shape)
    shifted_input_ids[:, 1:] = input_ids[:, :-1].clone()
    shifted_input_ids[:, 0] = decoder_start_token_id

    if pad_token_id is None:
        raise ValueError("self.model.config.pad_token_id has to be defined.")
    # replace possible -100 values in labels by `pad_token_id`
    shifted_input_ids.masked_fill_(shifted_input_ids == -100, pad_token_id)

    return shifted_input_ids


class BartLearnedPositionalEmbedding(nn.Embedding):
    """
    This module learns positional embeddings up to a fixed maximum size.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int):
        # Bart is set up so that if padding_idx is specified then offset the embedding ids by 2
        # and adjust num_embeddings appropriately. Other models don't have this hack
        self.offset = 2
        super().__init__(num_embeddings + self.offset, embedding_dim)

    def forward(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor, past_key_values_length: int = 0):
        """`input_ids' shape is expected to be [bsz x seqlen]."""

        bsz, seq_len = input_ids.shape[:2]
        positions = torch.arange(
            past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_len, dtype=torch.long, device=self.weight.device
        ).expand(bsz, -1)

        return super().forward(positions + self.offset)


class BartAttention(nn.Module):
    """Multi-headed attention from 'Attention Is All You Need' paper"""

    def __init__(
        self,
        embed_dim: int,
        num_heads: int,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        is_decoder: bool = False,
        bias: bool = True,
        is_causal: bool = False,
        config: Optional[BartConfig] = None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.dropout = dropout
        self.head_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
        self.config = config

        if (self.head_dim * num_heads) != self.embed_dim:
            raise ValueError(
                f"embed_dim must be divisible by num_heads (got `embed_dim`: {self.embed_dim}"
                f" and `num_heads`: {num_heads})."
            )
        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.is_decoder = is_decoder
        self.is_causal = is_causal

        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)

    def _shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, seq_len: int, bsz: int):
        return tensor.view(bsz, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2).contiguous()

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        key_value_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        """Input shape: Batch x Time x Channel"""

        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer
        # for the decoder
        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None

        bsz, tgt_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        # get query proj
        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states) * self.scaling
        # get key, value proj
        # `past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]`
        # is checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
        # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
        if (
            is_cross_attention
            and past_key_value is not None
            and past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]
        ):
            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
            key_states = past_key_value[0]
            value_states = past_key_value[1]
        elif is_cross_attention:
            # cross_attentions
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
        elif past_key_value is not None:
            # reuse k, v, self_attention
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2)
            value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2)
        else:
            # self_attention
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)

        if self.is_decoder:
            # if cross_attention save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of all cross attention key/value_states.
            # Further calls to cross_attention layer can then reuse all cross-attention
            # key/value_states (first "if" case)
            # if uni-directional self-attention (decoder) save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of
            # all previous decoder key/value_states. Further calls to uni-directional self-attention
            # can concat previous decoder key/value_states to current projected key/value_states (third "elif" case)
            # if encoder bi-directional self-attention `past_key_value` is always `None`
            past_key_value = (key_states, value_states)

        proj_shape = (bsz * self.num_heads, -1, self.head_dim)
        query_states = self._shape(query_states, tgt_len, bsz).view(*proj_shape)
        key_states = key_states.reshape(*proj_shape)
        value_states = value_states.reshape(*proj_shape)

        src_len = key_states.size(1)
        attn_weights = torch.bmm(query_states, key_states.transpose(1, 2))

        if attn_weights.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Attention weights should be of size {(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is"
                f" {attn_weights.size()}"
            )

        if attention_mask is not None:
            if attention_mask.size() != (bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Attention mask should be of size {(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is {attention_mask.size()}"
                )
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len) + attention_mask
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)

        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)

        if layer_head_mask is not None:
            if layer_head_mask.size() != (self.num_heads,):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Head mask for a single layer should be of size {(self.num_heads,)}, but is"
                    f" {layer_head_mask.size()}"
                )
            attn_weights = layer_head_mask.view(1, -1, 1, 1) * attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)

        if output_attentions:
            # this operation is a bit awkward, but it's required to
            # make sure that attn_weights keeps its gradient.
            # In order to do so, attn_weights have to be reshaped
            # twice and have to be reused in the following
            attn_weights_reshaped = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
            attn_weights = attn_weights_reshaped.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
        else:
            attn_weights_reshaped = None

        attn_probs = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        attn_output = torch.bmm(attn_probs, value_states)

        if attn_output.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim):
            raise ValueError(
                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)}, but is"
                f" {attn_output.size()}"
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)
        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2)

        # Use the `embed_dim` from the config (stored in the class) rather than `hidden_state` because `attn_output` can be
        # partitioned across GPUs when using tensor-parallelism.
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, tgt_len, self.embed_dim)

        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        return attn_output, attn_weights_reshaped, past_key_value


class BartFlashAttention2(BartAttention):
    """
    Bart flash attention module. This module inherits from `BartAttention` as the weights of the module stays
    untouched. The only required change would be on the forward pass where it needs to correctly call the public API of
    flash attention and deal with padding tokens in case the input contains any of them.
    """

    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaFlashAttention2.__init__
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # TODO: Should be removed once Flash Attention for RoCm is bumped to 2.1.
        # flash_attn<2.1 generates top-left aligned causal mask, while what is needed here is bottom-right alignement, that was made default for flash_attn>=2.1. This attribute is used to handle this difference. Reference: https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/releases/tag/v2.1.0.
        # Beware that with flash_attn<2.1, using q_seqlen != k_seqlen (except for the case q_seqlen == 1) produces a wrong mask (top-left).
        self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask = not is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10()

    def _reshape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, seq_len: int, bsz: int):
        return tensor.view(bsz, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        key_value_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        # BartFlashAttention2 attention does not support output_attentions
        if output_attentions:
            raise ValueError("BartFlashAttention2 attention does not support output_attentions")

        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer
        # for the decoder
        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None

        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        # get query proj
        query_states = self._reshape(self.q_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
        # get key, value proj
        # `past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]`
        # is checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
        # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
        if (
            is_cross_attention
            and past_key_value is not None
            and past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]
        ):
            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
            key_states = past_key_value[0].transpose(1, 2)
            value_states = past_key_value[1].transpose(1, 2)
        elif is_cross_attention:
            # cross_attentions
            key_states = self._reshape(self.k_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._reshape(self.v_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
        elif past_key_value is not None:
            # reuse k, v, self_attention
            key_states = self._reshape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._reshape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0].transpose(1, 2), key_states], dim=1)
            value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1].transpose(1, 2), value_states], dim=1)
        else:
            # self_attention
            key_states = self._reshape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._reshape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)

        if self.is_decoder:
            # if cross_attention save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of all cross attention key/value_states.
            # Further calls to cross_attention layer can then reuse all cross-attention
            # key/value_states (first "if" case)
            # if uni-directional self-attention (decoder) save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of
            # all previous decoder key/value_states. Further calls to uni-directional self-attention
            # can concat previous decoder key/value_states to current projected key/value_states (third "elif" case)
            # if encoder bi-directional self-attention `past_key_value` is always `None`
            past_key_value = (key_states.transpose(1, 2), value_states.transpose(1, 2))

        kv_seq_len = key_states.shape[-2]
        if past_key_value is not None:
            kv_seq_len += past_key_value[0].shape[-2]

        # In PEFT, usually we cast the layer norms in float32 for training stability reasons
        # therefore the input hidden states gets silently casted in float32. Hence, we need
        # cast them back in the correct dtype just to be sure everything works as expected.
        # This might slowdown training & inference so it is recommended to not cast the LayerNorms
        # in fp32. (LlamaRMSNorm handles it correctly)

        input_dtype = query_states.dtype
        if input_dtype == torch.float32:
            if torch.is_autocast_enabled():
                target_dtype = torch.get_autocast_gpu_dtype()
            # Handle the case where the model is quantized
            elif hasattr(self.config, "_pre_quantization_dtype"):
                target_dtype = self.config._pre_quantization_dtype
            else:
                target_dtype = self.q_proj.weight.dtype

            logger.warning_once(
                f"The input hidden states seems to be silently casted in float32, this might be related to"
                f" the fact you have upcasted embedding or layer norm layers in float32. We will cast back the input in"
                f" {target_dtype}."
            )

            query_states = query_states.to(target_dtype)
            key_states = key_states.to(target_dtype)
            value_states = value_states.to(target_dtype)

        attn_output = self._flash_attention_forward(
            query_states, key_states, value_states, attention_mask, q_len, dropout=self.dropout
        )

        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, -1)
        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        if not output_attentions:
            attn_weights = None

        return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value

    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaFlashAttention2._flash_attention_forward
    def _flash_attention_forward(
        self, query_states, key_states, value_states, attention_mask, query_length, dropout=0.0, softmax_scale=None
    ):
        """
        Calls the forward method of Flash Attention - if the input hidden states contain at least one padding token
        first unpad the input, then computes the attention scores and pad the final attention scores.

        Args:
            query_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input query states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            key_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input key states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            value_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input value states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
                The padding mask - corresponds to a tensor of size `(batch_size, seq_len)` where 0 stands for the
                position of padding tokens and 1 for the position of non-padding tokens.
            dropout (`int`, *optional*):
                Attention dropout
            softmax_scale (`float`, *optional*):
                The scaling of QK^T before applying softmax. Default to 1 / sqrt(head_dim)
        """
        if not self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask:
            causal = self.is_causal
        else:
            # TODO: Remove the `query_length != 1` check once Flash Attention for RoCm is bumped to 2.1. For details, please see the comment in LlamaFlashAttention2 __init__.
            causal = self.is_causal and query_length != 1

        # Contains at least one padding token in the sequence
        if attention_mask is not None:
            batch_size = query_states.shape[0]
            query_states, key_states, value_states, indices_q, cu_seq_lens, max_seq_lens = self._upad_input(
                query_states, key_states, value_states, attention_mask, query_length
            )

            cu_seqlens_q, cu_seqlens_k = cu_seq_lens
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_k = max_seq_lens

            attn_output_unpad = flash_attn_varlen_func(
                query_states,
                key_states,
                value_states,
                cu_seqlens_q=cu_seqlens_q,
                cu_seqlens_k=cu_seqlens_k,
                max_seqlen_q=max_seqlen_in_batch_q,
                max_seqlen_k=max_seqlen_in_batch_k,
                dropout_p=dropout,
                softmax_scale=softmax_scale,
                causal=causal,
            )

            attn_output = pad_input(attn_output_unpad, indices_q, batch_size, query_length)
        else:
            attn_output = flash_attn_func(
                query_states, key_states, value_states, dropout, softmax_scale=softmax_scale, causal=causal
            )

        return attn_output

    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaFlashAttention2._upad_input
    def _upad_input(self, query_layer, key_layer, value_layer, attention_mask, query_length):
        indices_k, cu_seqlens_k, max_seqlen_in_batch_k = _get_unpad_data(attention_mask)
        batch_size, kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim = key_layer.shape

        key_layer = index_first_axis(
            key_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim), indices_k
        )
        value_layer = index_first_axis(
            value_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim), indices_k
        )
        if query_length == kv_seq_len:
            query_layer = index_first_axis(
                query_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, self.num_heads, head_dim), indices_k
            )
            cu_seqlens_q = cu_seqlens_k
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q = max_seqlen_in_batch_k
            indices_q = indices_k
        elif query_length == 1:
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q = 1
            cu_seqlens_q = torch.arange(
                batch_size + 1, dtype=torch.int32, device=query_layer.device
            )  # There is a memcpy here, that is very bad.
            indices_q = cu_seqlens_q[:-1]
            query_layer = query_layer.squeeze(1)
        else:
            # The -q_len: slice assumes left padding.
            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, -query_length:]
            query_layer, indices_q, cu_seqlens_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_q = unpad_input(query_layer, attention_mask)

        return (
            query_layer,
            key_layer,
            value_layer,
            indices_q,
            (cu_seqlens_q, cu_seqlens_k),
            (max_seqlen_in_batch_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_k),
        )


class BartSdpaAttention(BartAttention):
    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        key_value_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        """Input shape: Batch x Time x Channel"""
        if output_attentions or layer_head_mask is not None:
            # TODO: Improve this warning with e.g. `model.config._attn_implementation = "manual"` once this is implemented.
            logger.warning_once(
                "BartModel is using BartSdpaAttention, but `torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention` does not support `output_attentions=True` or `layer_head_mask` not None. Falling back to the manual attention"
                ' implementation, but specifying the manual implementation will be required from Transformers version v5.0.0 onwards. This warning can be removed using the argument `attn_implementation="eager"` when loading the model.'
            )
            return super().forward(
                hidden_states,
                key_value_states=key_value_states,
                past_key_value=past_key_value,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
            )

        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer
        # for the decoder
        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None

        bsz, tgt_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        # get query proj
        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states)
        # get key, value proj
        # `past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]`
        # is checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
        # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
        if (
            is_cross_attention
            and past_key_value is not None
            and past_key_value[0].shape[2] == key_value_states.shape[1]
        ):
            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
            key_states = past_key_value[0]
            value_states = past_key_value[1]
        elif is_cross_attention:
            # cross_attentions
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
        elif past_key_value is not None:
            # reuse k, v, self_attention
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2)
            value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2)
        else:
            # self_attention
            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)

        if self.is_decoder:
            # if cross_attention save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of all cross attention key/value_states.
            # Further calls to cross_attention layer can then reuse all cross-attention
            # key/value_states (first "if" case)
            # if uni-directional self-attention (decoder) save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of
            # all previous decoder key/value_states. Further calls to uni-directional self-attention
            # can concat previous decoder key/value_states to current projected key/value_states (third "elif" case)
            # if encoder bi-directional self-attention `past_key_value` is always `None`
            past_key_value = (key_states, value_states)

        query_states = self._shape(query_states, tgt_len, bsz)

        # NOTE: SDPA with memory-efficient backend is currently (torch==2.1.2) bugged when using non-contiguous inputs and a custom attn_mask,
        # but we are fine here as `_shape` do call `.contiguous()`. Reference: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/112577
        attn_output = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
            query_states,
            key_states,
            value_states,
            attn_mask=attention_mask,
            dropout_p=self.dropout if self.training else 0.0,
            # The tgt_len > 1 is necessary to match with AttentionMaskConverter.to_causal_4d that does not create a causal mask in case tgt_len == 1.
            is_causal=self.is_causal and attention_mask is None and tgt_len > 1,
        )

        if attn_output.size() != (bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim):
            raise ValueError(
                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)}, but is"
                f" {attn_output.size()}"
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2)

        # Use the `embed_dim` from the config (stored in the class) rather than `hidden_state` because `attn_output` can be
        # partitioned across GPUs when using tensor-parallelism.
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, tgt_len, self.embed_dim)

        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        return attn_output, None, past_key_value


BART_ATTENTION_CLASSES = {
    "eager": BartAttention,
    "sdpa": BartSdpaAttention,
    "flash_attention_2": BartFlashAttention2,
}


class BartEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = config.d_model

        self.self_attn = BART_ATTENTION_CLASSES[config._attn_implementation](
            embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
            num_heads=config.encoder_attention_heads,
            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
            config=config,
        )
        self.self_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
        self.activation_dropout = config.activation_dropout
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.encoder_ffn_dim)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.encoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.final_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.FloatTensor,
        attention_mask: torch.FloatTensor,
        layer_head_mask: torch.FloatTensor,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, Optional[torch.FloatTensor]]:
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`): input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): attention mask of size
                `(batch, 1, tgt_len, src_len)` where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
            layer_head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): mask for attention heads in a given layer of size
                `(encoder_attention_heads,)`.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
        """
        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states, attn_weights, _ = self.self_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.activation_dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and (
            torch.isinf(hidden_states).any() or torch.isnan(hidden_states).any()
        ):
            clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
            hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (attn_weights,)

        return outputs


class BartDecoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = config.d_model

        self.self_attn = BART_ATTENTION_CLASSES[config._attn_implementation](
            embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
            num_heads=config.decoder_attention_heads,
            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
            is_decoder=True,
            is_causal=True,
            config=config,
        )
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
        self.activation_dropout = config.activation_dropout

        self.self_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        self.encoder_attn = BART_ATTENTION_CLASSES[config._attn_implementation](
            self.embed_dim,
            config.decoder_attention_heads,
            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
            is_decoder=True,
            config=config,
        )
        self.encoder_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.decoder_ffn_dim)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.decoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.final_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = True,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]]]:
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`): input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): attention mask of size
                `(batch, 1, tgt_len, src_len)` where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                cross attention input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): encoder attention mask of size
                `(batch, 1, tgt_len, src_len)` where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
            layer_head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): mask for attention heads in a given layer of size
                `(encoder_attention_heads,)`.
            cross_attn_layer_head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): mask for cross-attention heads in a given layer of
                size `(decoder_attention_heads,)`.
            past_key_value (`Tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`): cached past key and value projection states
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
        """
        residual = hidden_states

        # Self Attention
        # decoder uni-directional self-attention cached key/values tuple is at positions 1,2
        self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2] if past_key_value is not None else None
        # add present self-attn cache to positions 1,2 of present_key_value tuple
        hidden_states, self_attn_weights, present_key_value = self.self_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        # Cross-Attention Block
        cross_attn_present_key_value = None
        cross_attn_weights = None
        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            residual = hidden_states

            # cross_attn cached key/values tuple is at positions 3,4 of present_key_value tuple
            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[-2:] if past_key_value is not None else None
            hidden_states, cross_attn_weights, cross_attn_present_key_value = self.encoder_attn(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
            )
            hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
            hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
            hidden_states = self.encoder_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

            # add cross-attn to positions 3,4 of present_key_value tuple
            present_key_value = present_key_value + cross_attn_present_key_value

        # Fully Connected
        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.activation_dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (self_attn_weights, cross_attn_weights)

        if use_cache:
            outputs += (present_key_value,)

        return outputs


class BartClassificationHead(nn.Module):
    """Head for sentence-level classification tasks."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        input_dim: int,
        inner_dim: int,
        num_classes: int,
        pooler_dropout: float,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(input_dim, inner_dim)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=pooler_dropout)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(inner_dim, num_classes)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = torch.tanh(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.out_proj(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class BartPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    config_class = BartConfig
    base_model_prefix = "model"
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = ["encoder.version", "decoder.version"]
    _no_split_modules = [r"BartEncoderLayer", r"BartDecoderLayer"]
    _skip_keys_device_placement = "past_key_values"
    _supports_flash_attn_2 = True
    _supports_sdpa = True

    def _init_weights(self, module):
        std = self.config.init_std
        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.padding_idx is not None:
                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()

    @property
    def dummy_inputs(self):
        pad_token = self.config.pad_token_id
        input_ids = torch.tensor([[0, 6, 10, 4, 2], [0, 8, 12, 2, pad_token]], device=self.device)
        dummy_inputs = {
            "attention_mask": input_ids.ne(pad_token),
            "input_ids": input_ids,
        }
        return dummy_inputs


class PretrainedBartModel(BartPreTrainedModel):
    def __init_subclass__(self):
        warnings.warn(
            "The class `PretrainedBartModel` has been depreciated, please use `BartPreTrainedModel` instead.",
            FutureWarning,
        )


class BartPretrainedModel(BartPreTrainedModel):
    def __init_subclass__(self):
        warnings.warn(
            "The class `PretrainedBartModel` has been depreciated, please use `BartPreTrainedModel` instead.",
            FutureWarning,
        )


BART_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
    etc.)

    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
    and behavior.

    Parameters:
        config ([`BartConfig`]):
            Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not
            load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the
            [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""

BART_GENERATION_EXAMPLE = r"""
    Summarization example:

    ```python
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BartForConditionalGeneration

    >>> model = BartForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-large-cnn")
    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-large-cnn")

    >>> ARTICLE_TO_SUMMARIZE = (
    ...     "PG&E stated it scheduled the blackouts in response to forecasts for high winds "
    ...     "amid dry conditions. The aim is to reduce the risk of wildfires. Nearly 800 thousand customers were "
    ...     "scheduled to be affected by the shutoffs which were expected to last through at least midday tomorrow."
    ... )
    >>> inputs = tokenizer([ARTICLE_TO_SUMMARIZE], max_length=1024, return_tensors="pt")

    >>> # Generate Summary
    >>> summary_ids = model.generate(inputs["input_ids"], num_beams=2, min_length=0, max_length=20)
    >>> tokenizer.batch_decode(summary_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
    'PG&E scheduled the blackouts in response to forecasts for high winds amid dry conditions'
    ```

    Mask filling example:

    ```python
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BartForConditionalGeneration

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-base")
    >>> model = BartForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-base")

    >>> TXT = "My friends are <mask> but they eat too many carbs."
    >>> input_ids = tokenizer([TXT], return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
    >>> logits = model(input_ids).logits

    >>> masked_index = (input_ids[0] == tokenizer.mask_token_id).nonzero().item()
    >>> probs = logits[0, masked_index].softmax(dim=0)
    >>> values, predictions = probs.topk(5)

    >>> tokenizer.decode(predictions).split()
    ['not', 'good', 'healthy', 'great', 'very']
    ```
"""

BART_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide
            it.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        decoder_input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices of decoder input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            [What are decoder input IDs?](../glossary#decoder-input-ids)

            Bart uses the `eos_token_id` as the starting token for `decoder_input_ids` generation. If `past_key_values`
            is used, optionally only the last `decoder_input_ids` have to be input (see `past_key_values`).

            For translation and summarization training, `decoder_input_ids` should be provided. If no
            `decoder_input_ids` is provided, the model will create this tensor by shifting the `input_ids` to the right
            for denoising pre-training following the paper.
        decoder_attention_mask (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Default behavior: generate a tensor that ignores pad tokens in `decoder_input_ids`. Causal mask will also
            be used by default.

            If you want to change padding behavior, you should read [`modeling_bart._prepare_decoder_attention_mask`]
            and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in [the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461) for more
            information on the default strategy.
        head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(encoder_layers, encoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules in the encoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        decoder_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        cross_attn_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the cross-attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in `[0,
            1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        encoder_outputs (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*):
            Tuple consists of (`last_hidden_state`, *optional*: `hidden_states`, *optional*: `attentions`)
            `last_hidden_state` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) is a sequence of
            hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention of the decoder.
        past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`):
            Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape
            `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and 2 additional tensors of shape
            `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

            Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
            blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

            If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that
            don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all
            `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation.
            This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors
            than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
        decoder_inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `decoder_input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded
            representation. If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_inputs_embeds` have to be
            input (see `past_key_values`). This is useful if you want more control over how to convert
            `decoder_input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.

            If `decoder_input_ids` and `decoder_inputs_embeds` are both unset, `decoder_inputs_embeds` takes the value
            of `inputs_embeds`.
        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
            If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
            `past_key_values`).
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""


class BartEncoder(BartPreTrainedModel):
    """
    Transformer encoder consisting of *config.encoder_layers* self attention layers. Each layer is a
    [`BartEncoderLayer`].

    Args:
        config: BartConfig
        embed_tokens (nn.Embedding): output embedding
    """

    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig, embed_tokens: Optional[nn.Embedding] = None):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.layerdrop = config.encoder_layerdrop

        embed_dim = config.d_model
        self.padding_idx = config.pad_token_id
        self.max_source_positions = config.max_position_embeddings
        self.embed_scale = math.sqrt(embed_dim) if config.scale_embedding else 1.0

        self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, embed_dim, self.padding_idx)

        if embed_tokens is not None:
            self.embed_tokens.weight = embed_tokens.weight

        self.embed_positions = BartLearnedPositionalEmbedding(
            config.max_position_embeddings,
            embed_dim,
        )
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([BartEncoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.encoder_layers)])
        self._use_flash_attention_2 = config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2"
        self._use_sdpa = config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
        self.layernorm_embedding = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embed_tokens

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.embed_tokens = value

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutput]:
        r"""
        Args:
            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you
                provide it.

                Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
                [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

                [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(encoder_layers, encoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

            inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation.
                This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors
                than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # retrieve input_ids and inputs_embeds
        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
        elif input_ids is not None:
            input = input_ids
            input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_ids.shape[-1])
        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
            input = inputs_embeds[:, :, -1]
        else:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.embed_tokens(input_ids) * self.embed_scale

        embed_pos = self.embed_positions(input)
        embed_pos = embed_pos.to(inputs_embeds.device)

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds + embed_pos
        hidden_states = self.layernorm_embedding(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        # expand attention_mask
        if attention_mask is not None:
            if self._use_flash_attention_2:
                attention_mask = attention_mask if 0 in attention_mask else None
            elif self._use_sdpa and head_mask is None and not output_attentions:
                # output_attentions=True & head_mask can not be supported when using SDPA, fall back to
                # the manual implementation that requires a 4D causal mask in all cases.
                # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
                attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask_for_sdpa(attention_mask, inputs_embeds.dtype)
            else:
                # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
                attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask(attention_mask, inputs_embeds.dtype)

        encoder_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None

        # check if head_mask has a correct number of layers specified if desired
        if head_mask is not None:
            if head_mask.size()[0] != (len(self.layers)):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The head_mask should be specified for {len(self.layers)} layers, but it is for"
                    f" {head_mask.size()[0]}."
                )

        for idx, encoder_layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            if output_hidden_states:
                encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)
            # add LayerDrop (see https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11556 for description)
            to_drop = False
            if self.training:
                dropout_probability = torch.rand([])
                if dropout_probability < self.layerdrop:  # skip the layer
                    to_drop = True

            if to_drop:
                layer_outputs = (None, None)
            else:
                if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                    layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                        encoder_layer.__call__,
                        hidden_states,
                        attention_mask,
                        (head_mask[idx] if head_mask is not None else None),
                        output_attentions,
                    )
                else:
                    layer_outputs = encoder_layer(
                        hidden_states,
                        attention_mask,
                        layer_head_mask=(head_mask[idx] if head_mask is not None else None),
                        output_attentions=output_attentions,
                    )

                hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if output_attentions:
                all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[1],)

        if output_hidden_states:
            encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, encoder_states, all_attentions] if v is not None)
        return BaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states, hidden_states=encoder_states, attentions=all_attentions
        )


class BartDecoder(BartPreTrainedModel):
    """
    Transformer decoder consisting of *config.decoder_layers* layers. Each layer is a [`BartDecoderLayer`]

    Args:
        config: BartConfig
        embed_tokens (nn.Embedding): output embedding
    """

    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig, embed_tokens: Optional[nn.Embedding] = None):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.layerdrop = config.decoder_layerdrop
        self.padding_idx = config.pad_token_id
        self.max_target_positions = config.max_position_embeddings
        self.embed_scale = math.sqrt(config.d_model) if config.scale_embedding else 1.0

        self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.d_model, self.padding_idx)

        if embed_tokens is not None:
            self.embed_tokens.weight = embed_tokens.weight

        self.embed_positions = BartLearnedPositionalEmbedding(
            config.max_position_embeddings,
            config.d_model,
        )
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([BartDecoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.decoder_layers)])
        self._use_flash_attention_2 = config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2"
        self._use_sdpa = config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"

        self.layernorm_embedding = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embed_tokens

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.embed_tokens = value

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]:
        r"""
        Args:
            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you
                provide it.

                Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
                [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

                [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention
                of the decoder.
            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing cross-attention on padding tokens indices of encoder input_ids. Mask values
                selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

            cross_attn_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the cross-attention modules in the decoder to avoid performing
                cross-attention on hidden heads. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

            past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`):
                Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
                shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and 2 additional tensors of
                shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

                Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the
                cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

                If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those
                that don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of
                all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
            inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation.
                This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors
                than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # retrieve input_ids and inputs_embeds
        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both decoder_input_ids and decoder_inputs_embeds at the same time")
        elif input_ids is not None:
            input = input_ids
            input_shape = input.shape
            input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
            input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
            input = inputs_embeds[:, :, -1]
        else:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify either decoder_input_ids or decoder_inputs_embeds")

        # past_key_values_length
        past_key_values_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] if past_key_values is not None else 0

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.embed_tokens(input) * self.embed_scale

        if self._use_flash_attention_2:
            # 2d mask is passed through the layers
            attention_mask = attention_mask if (attention_mask is not None and 0 in attention_mask) else None
        elif self._use_sdpa and not output_attentions and cross_attn_head_mask is None:
            # output_attentions=True & cross_attn_head_mask can not be supported when using SDPA, and we fall back on
            # the manual implementation that requires a 4D causal mask in all cases.
            attention_mask = _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_for_sdpa(
                attention_mask,
                input_shape,
                inputs_embeds,
                past_key_values_length,
            )
        else:
            # 4d mask is passed through the layers
            attention_mask = _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask(
                attention_mask, input_shape, inputs_embeds, past_key_values_length
            )

        # expand encoder attention mask
        if encoder_hidden_states is not None and encoder_attention_mask is not None:
            if self._use_flash_attention_2:
                encoder_attention_mask = encoder_attention_mask if 0 in encoder_attention_mask else None
            elif self._use_sdpa and cross_attn_head_mask is None and not output_attentions:
                # output_attentions=True & cross_attn_head_mask can not be supported when using SDPA, and we fall back on
                # the manual implementation that requires a 4D causal mask in all cases.
                # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
                encoder_attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask_for_sdpa(
                    encoder_attention_mask,
                    inputs_embeds.dtype,
                    tgt_len=input_shape[-1],
                )
            else:
                # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
                encoder_attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask(
                    encoder_attention_mask, inputs_embeds.dtype, tgt_len=input_shape[-1]
                )

        # embed positions
        positions = self.embed_positions(input, past_key_values_length)
        positions = positions.to(inputs_embeds.device)

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds + positions
        hidden_states = self.layernorm_embedding(hidden_states)

        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
            if use_cache:
                logger.warning_once(
                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
                )
                use_cache = False

        # decoder layers
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_self_attns = () if output_attentions else None
        all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and encoder_hidden_states is not None) else None
        next_decoder_cache = () if use_cache else None

        # check if head_mask/cross_attn_head_mask has a correct number of layers specified if desired
        for attn_mask, mask_name in zip([head_mask, cross_attn_head_mask], ["head_mask", "cross_attn_head_mask"]):
            if attn_mask is not None:
                if attn_mask.size()[0] != (len(self.layers)):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"The `{mask_name}` should be specified for {len(self.layers)} layers, but it is for"
                        f" {head_mask.size()[0]}."
                    )

        for idx, decoder_layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            # add LayerDrop (see https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11556 for description)
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)
            if self.training:
                dropout_probability = torch.rand([])
                if dropout_probability < self.layerdrop:
                    continue

            past_key_value = past_key_values[idx] if past_key_values is not None else None

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                    decoder_layer.__call__,
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask,
                    encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask,
                    head_mask[idx] if head_mask is not None else None,
                    cross_attn_head_mask[idx] if cross_attn_head_mask is not None else None,
                    None,
                    output_attentions,
                    use_cache,
                )
            else:
                layer_outputs = decoder_layer(
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                    layer_head_mask=(head_mask[idx] if head_mask is not None else None),
                    cross_attn_layer_head_mask=(
                        cross_attn_head_mask[idx] if cross_attn_head_mask is not None else None
                    ),
                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                    use_cache=use_cache,
                )
            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if use_cache:
                next_decoder_cache += (layer_outputs[3 if output_attentions else 1],)

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attns += (layer_outputs[1],)

                if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                    all_cross_attentions += (layer_outputs[2],)

        # add hidden states from the last decoder layer
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)

        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(
                v
                for v in [hidden_states, next_cache, all_hidden_states, all_self_attns, all_cross_attentions]
                if v is not None
            )
        return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            past_key_values=next_cache,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_self_attns,
            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The bare BART Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
    BART_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BartModel(BartPreTrainedModel):
    _tied_weights_keys = ["encoder.embed_tokens.weight", "decoder.embed_tokens.weight"]

    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        padding_idx, vocab_size = config.pad_token_id, config.vocab_size
        self.shared = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, config.d_model, padding_idx)

        self.encoder = BartEncoder(config, self.shared)
        self.decoder = BartDecoder(config, self.shared)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def _tie_weights(self):
        if self.config.tie_word_embeddings:
            self._tie_or_clone_weights(self.encoder.embed_tokens, self.shared)
            self._tie_or_clone_weights(self.decoder.embed_tokens, self.shared)

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.shared

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.shared = value
        self.encoder.embed_tokens = self.shared
        self.decoder.embed_tokens = self.shared

    def get_encoder(self):
        return self.encoder

    def get_decoder(self):
        return self.decoder

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(BART_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
        output_type=Seq2SeqModelOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
        expected_output=_EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SHAPE,
    )
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
        # different to other models, Bart automatically creates decoder_input_ids from
        # input_ids if no decoder_input_ids are provided
        if decoder_input_ids is None and decoder_inputs_embeds is None:
            if input_ids is None:
                raise ValueError(
                    "If no `decoder_input_ids` or `decoder_inputs_embeds` are "
                    "passed, `input_ids` cannot be `None`. Please pass either "
                    "`input_ids` or `decoder_input_ids` or `decoder_inputs_embeds`."
                )

            decoder_input_ids = shift_tokens_right(
                input_ids, self.config.pad_token_id, self.config.decoder_start_token_id
            )

        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if encoder_outputs is None:
            encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
                input_ids=input_ids,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                head_mask=head_mask,
                inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
                output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                return_dict=return_dict,
            )
        # If the user passed a tuple for encoder_outputs, we wrap it in a BaseModelOutput when return_dict=True
        elif return_dict and not isinstance(encoder_outputs, BaseModelOutput):
            encoder_outputs = BaseModelOutput(
                last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs[0],
                hidden_states=encoder_outputs[1] if len(encoder_outputs) > 1 else None,
                attentions=encoder_outputs[2] if len(encoder_outputs) > 2 else None,
            )

        # decoder outputs consists of (dec_features, past_key_value, dec_hidden, dec_attn)
        decoder_outputs = self.decoder(
            input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs[0],
            encoder_attention_mask=attention_mask,
            head_mask=decoder_head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        if not return_dict:
            return decoder_outputs + encoder_outputs

        return Seq2SeqModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=decoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
            past_key_values=decoder_outputs.past_key_values,
            decoder_hidden_states=decoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=decoder_outputs.attentions,
            cross_attentions=decoder_outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The BART Model with a language modeling head. Can be used for summarization.", BART_START_DOCSTRING
)
class BartForConditionalGeneration(BartPreTrainedModel):
    base_model_prefix = "model"
    _tied_weights_keys = ["encoder.embed_tokens.weight", "decoder.embed_tokens.weight", "lm_head.weight"]
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = ["final_logits_bias"]

    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.model = BartModel(config)
        self.register_buffer("final_logits_bias", torch.zeros((1, self.model.shared.num_embeddings)))
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.d_model, self.model.shared.num_embeddings, bias=False)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_encoder(self):
        return self.model.get_encoder()

    def get_decoder(self):
        return self.model.get_decoder()

    def resize_token_embeddings(self, new_num_tokens: int, pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None) -> nn.Embedding:
        new_embeddings = super().resize_token_embeddings(new_num_tokens, pad_to_multiple_of)
        self._resize_final_logits_bias(new_embeddings.weight.shape[0])
        return new_embeddings

    def _resize_final_logits_bias(self, new_num_tokens: int) -> None:
        old_num_tokens = self.final_logits_bias.shape[-1]
        if new_num_tokens <= old_num_tokens:
            new_bias = self.final_logits_bias[:, :new_num_tokens]
        else:
            extra_bias = torch.zeros((1, new_num_tokens - old_num_tokens), device=self.final_logits_bias.device)
            new_bias = torch.cat([self.final_logits_bias, extra_bias], dim=1)
        self.register_buffer("final_logits_bias", new_bias)

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.lm_head

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.lm_head = new_embeddings

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(BART_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=Seq2SeqLMOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    @add_end_docstrings(BART_GENERATION_EXAMPLE)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in `[0, ...,
            config.vocab_size]` or -100 (see `input_ids` docstring). Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored
            (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.

        Returns:
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if labels is not None:
            if use_cache:
                logger.warning("The `use_cache` argument is changed to `False` since `labels` is provided.")
            use_cache = False
            if decoder_input_ids is None and decoder_inputs_embeds is None:
                decoder_input_ids = shift_tokens_right(
                    labels, self.config.pad_token_id, self.config.decoder_start_token_id
                )

        outputs = self.model(
            input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            decoder_input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            encoder_outputs=encoder_outputs,
            decoder_attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            decoder_head_mask=decoder_head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            decoder_inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        lm_logits = self.lm_head(outputs[0])
        lm_logits = lm_logits + self.final_logits_bias.to(lm_logits.device)

        masked_lm_loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            labels = labels.to(lm_logits.device)
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            masked_lm_loss = loss_fct(lm_logits.view(-1, self.config.vocab_size), labels.view(-1))

        if not return_dict:
            output = (lm_logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return ((masked_lm_loss,) + output) if masked_lm_loss is not None else output

        return Seq2SeqLMOutput(
            loss=masked_lm_loss,
            logits=lm_logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            decoder_hidden_states=outputs.decoder_hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=outputs.decoder_attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=outputs.encoder_last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=outputs.encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=outputs.encoder_attentions,
        )

    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
        self,
        decoder_input_ids,
        past_key_values=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        decoder_attention_mask=None,
        head_mask=None,
        decoder_head_mask=None,
        cross_attn_head_mask=None,
        use_cache=None,
        encoder_outputs=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        # cut decoder_input_ids if past_key_values is used
        if past_key_values is not None:
            past_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]

            # Some generation methods already pass only the last input ID
            if decoder_input_ids.shape[1] > past_length:
                remove_prefix_length = past_length
            else:
                # Default to old behavior: keep only final ID
                remove_prefix_length = decoder_input_ids.shape[1] - 1

            decoder_input_ids = decoder_input_ids[:, remove_prefix_length:]

        return {
            "input_ids": None,  # encoder_outputs is defined. input_ids not needed
            "encoder_outputs": encoder_outputs,
            "past_key_values": past_key_values,
            "decoder_input_ids": decoder_input_ids,
            "attention_mask": attention_mask,
            "decoder_attention_mask": decoder_attention_mask,
            "head_mask": head_mask,
            "decoder_head_mask": decoder_head_mask,
            "cross_attn_head_mask": cross_attn_head_mask,
            "use_cache": use_cache,  # change this to avoid caching (presumably for debugging)
        }

    def prepare_decoder_input_ids_from_labels(self, labels: torch.Tensor):
        return shift_tokens_right(labels, self.config.pad_token_id, self.config.decoder_start_token_id)

    @staticmethod
    def _reorder_cache(past_key_values, beam_idx):
        reordered_past = ()
        for layer_past in past_key_values:
            # cached cross_attention states don't have to be reordered -> they are always the same
            reordered_past += (
                tuple(past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx.to(past_state.device)) for past_state in layer_past[:2])
                + layer_past[2:],
            )
        return reordered_past


@add_start_docstrings(
    """
    Bart model with a sequence classification/head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE
    tasks.
    """,
    BART_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BartForSequenceClassification(BartPreTrainedModel):
    _tied_weights_keys = ["encoder.embed_tokens.weight", "decoder.embed_tokens.weight"]

    def __init__(self, config: BartConfig, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, **kwargs)
        self.model = BartModel(config)
        self.classification_head = BartClassificationHead(
            config.d_model,
            config.d_model,
            config.num_labels,
            config.classifier_dropout,
        )

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(BART_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_SEQUENCE_CLASSIFICATION,
        output_type=Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
        expected_output=_SEQ_CLASS_EXPECTED_OUTPUT,
        expected_loss=_SEQ_CLASS_EXPECTED_LOSS,
    )
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput]:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
        if labels is not None:
            use_cache = False

        if input_ids is None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise NotImplementedError(
                f"Passing input embeddings is currently not supported for {self.__class__.__name__}"
            )

        outputs = self.model(
            input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            decoder_input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            decoder_attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            decoder_head_mask=decoder_head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            encoder_outputs=encoder_outputs,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            decoder_inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )
        hidden_states = outputs[0]  # last hidden state

        eos_mask = input_ids.eq(self.config.eos_token_id).to(hidden_states.device)

        if len(torch.unique_consecutive(eos_mask.sum(1))) > 1:
            raise ValueError("All examples must have the same number of <eos> tokens.")
        sentence_representation = hidden_states[eos_mask, :].view(hidden_states.size(0), -1, hidden_states.size(-1))[
            :, -1, :
        ]
        logits = self.classification_head(sentence_representation)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            labels = labels.to(logits.device)
            if self.config.problem_type is None:
                if self.config.num_labels == 1:
                    self.config.problem_type = "regression"
                elif self.config.num_labels > 1 and (labels.dtype == torch.long or labels.dtype == torch.int):
                    self.config.problem_type = "single_label_classification"
                else:
                    self.config.problem_type = "multi_label_classification"

            if self.config.problem_type == "regression":
                loss_fct = MSELoss()
                if self.config.num_labels == 1:
                    loss = loss_fct(logits.squeeze(), labels.squeeze())
                else:
                    loss = loss_fct(logits, labels)
            elif self.config.problem_type == "single_label_classification":
                loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
                loss = loss_fct(logits.view(-1, self.config.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
            elif self.config.problem_type == "multi_label_classification":
                loss_fct = BCEWithLogitsLoss()
                loss = loss_fct(logits, labels)
        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            decoder_hidden_states=outputs.decoder_hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=outputs.decoder_attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=outputs.encoder_last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=outputs.encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=outputs.encoder_attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """
    BART Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear
    layer on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).
    """,
    BART_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BartForQuestionAnswering(BartPreTrainedModel):
    _tied_weights_keys = ["encoder.embed_tokens.weight", "decoder.embed_tokens.weight"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)

        config.num_labels = 2
        self.num_labels = config.num_labels

        self.model = BartModel(config)
        self.qa_outputs = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_labels)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(BART_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_QA,
        output_type=Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
        expected_loss=_QA_EXPECTED_LOSS,
        expected_output=_QA_EXPECTED_OUTPUT,
    )
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        decoder_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        start_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        end_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]:
        r"""
        start_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (*sequence_length*). Position outside of the sequence
            are not taken into account for computing the loss.
        end_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (*sequence_length*). Position outside of the sequence
            are not taken into account for computing the loss.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
        if start_positions is not None and end_positions is not None:
            use_cache = False

        outputs = self.model(
            input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            decoder_input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            decoder_attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            decoder_head_mask=decoder_head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            encoder_outputs=encoder_outputs,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            decoder_inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs[0]

        logits = self.qa_outputs(sequence_output)
        start_logits, end_logits = logits.split(1, dim=-1)
        start_logits = start_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()
        end_logits = end_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()

        total_loss = None
        if start_positions is not None and end_positions is not None:
            # If we are on multi-GPU, split add a dimension
            if len(start_positions.size()) > 1:
                start_positions = start_positions.squeeze(-1)
            if len(end_positions.size()) > 1:
                end_positions = end_positions.squeeze(-1)
            # sometimes the start/end positions are outside our model inputs, we ignore these terms
            ignored_index = start_logits.size(1)
            start_positions = start_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)
            end_positions = end_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)

            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=ignored_index)
            start_loss = loss_fct(start_logits, start_positions)
            end_loss = loss_fct(end_logits, end_positions)
            total_loss = (start_loss + end_loss) / 2

        if not return_dict:
            output = (
                start_logits,
                end_logits,
            ) + outputs[1:]
            return ((total_loss,) + output) if total_loss is not None else output

        return Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput(
            loss=total_loss,
            start_logits=start_logits,
            end_logits=end_logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            decoder_hidden_states=outputs.decoder_hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=outputs.decoder_attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=outputs.encoder_last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=outputs.encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=outputs.encoder_attentions,
        )


class BartDecoderWrapper(BartPreTrainedModel):
    """
    This wrapper class is a helper class to correctly load pretrained checkpoints when the causal language model is
    used in combination with the [`EncoderDecoderModel`] framework.
    """

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.decoder = BartDecoder(config)

    def forward(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.decoder(*args, **kwargs)


@add_start_docstrings(
    """
    BART decoder with with a language modeling head on top (linear layer with weights tied to the input embeddings).
    """,
    BART_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BartForCausalLM(BartPreTrainedModel):
    _tied_weights_keys = ["lm_head.weight"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        config = copy.deepcopy(config)
        config.is_decoder = True
        config.is_encoder_decoder = False
        super().__init__(config)
        self.model = BartDecoderWrapper(config)

        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.model.decoder.embed_tokens

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.model.decoder.embed_tokens = value

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.lm_head

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.lm_head = new_embeddings

    def set_decoder(self, decoder):
        self.model.decoder = decoder

    def get_decoder(self):
        return self.model.decoder

    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]:
        r"""
        Args:
            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you
                provide it.

                Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
                [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

                [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            encoder_hidden_states  (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention
                if the model is configured as a decoder.
            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used
                in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
            head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

            cross_attn_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(decoder_layers, decoder_attention_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the cross-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

            past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`):
                Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
                shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and 2 additional tensors of
                shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`. The two additional
                tensors are only required when the model is used as a decoder in a Sequence to Sequence model.

                Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the
                cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

                If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those
                that don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of
                all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
            labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in `[0, ...,
                config.vocab_size]` or -100 (see `input_ids` docstring). Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored
                (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.
            use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
                If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding
                (see `past_key_values`).

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.

        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BartForCausalLM

        >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-base")
        >>> model = BartForCausalLM.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-base", add_cross_attention=False)
        >>> assert model.config.is_decoder, f"{model.__class__} has to be configured as a decoder."
        >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

        >>> logits = outputs.logits
        >>> expected_shape = [1, inputs.input_ids.shape[-1], model.config.vocab_size]
        >>> list(logits.shape) == expected_shape
        True
        ```"""

        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # decoder outputs consists of (dec_features, layer_state, dec_hidden, dec_attn)
        outputs = self.model.decoder(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        logits = self.lm_head(outputs[0])

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            labels = labels.to(logits.device)
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            loss = loss_fct(logits.view(-1, self.config.vocab_size), labels.view(-1))

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return (loss,) + output if loss is not None else output

        return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
        )

    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
        self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, attention_mask=None, use_cache=None, **kwargs
    ):
        # if model is used as a decoder in encoder-decoder model, the decoder attention mask is created on the fly
        if attention_mask is None:
            attention_mask = input_ids.new_ones(input_ids.shape)

        if past_key_values:
            past_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]

            # Some generation methods already pass only the last input ID
            if input_ids.shape[1] > past_length:
                remove_prefix_length = past_length
            else:
                # Default to old behavior: keep only final ID
                remove_prefix_length = input_ids.shape[1] - 1

            input_ids = input_ids[:, remove_prefix_length:]
        # first step, decoder_cached_states are empty
        return {
            "input_ids": input_ids,  # encoder_outputs is defined. input_ids not needed
            "attention_mask": attention_mask,
            "past_key_values": past_key_values,
            "use_cache": use_cache,
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _reorder_cache(past_key_values, beam_idx):
        reordered_past = ()
        for layer_past in past_key_values:
            reordered_past += (
                tuple(past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx.to(past_state.device)) for past_state in layer_past),
            )
        return reordered_past